Assistant Professor of Philosophy, Institute of Philosophy of Iran
Abstract
Does self-knowledge originate from our body and external characteristics or are the internal characteristics, human and individual characters involved as well? How do others know us? What are the shared criteria of self-knowledge and knowing others? It is here that self-perception is related to self-knowledge and the perception of “other”. In this article in addition to the above questions, we are going to answer the following questions: if, for example, we accept the principle: “existence is perception” (Esse est percipi) or if, we accept Barkley’s view that existence is “the thing perceived” then what is “I” and “self” when we say “I have right” or “This is mine” or “I know myself”? Whether we reject the existence of “matter” believing in appearance or appearance without reality, or accept the existence of matter and materialism believing in body in the shape of human body as his being and existence, we must, prior to this, show where to predicate the “right” belonging to “I”. Which schools of thought and scholars have put forward “I”? And is it possible to define it philosophically?
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Scheler, Max, Die Stellung des Menschen in Kosmos, Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, München, 1949.
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Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. 2, ed. C.H. von Wright and H. Nyman, Tr. C. G. Luckhardt and M. A. E. Aue, Oxford, 1980.
Barclay, George (1967). The Principles of Human Knowledge: Three Dialogues, Trans. by Hedieh Yahya Mahdavi, Tehran: Tehran University Press. [In Persian]
Barclay, George (1977). THREE DIALOGUES, Trans. by Manochehr Bozorgmehr, Tehran: Tehran Mofid University. [In Persian]
Gilson, Étienne (1987). Thoughts in Theoretical Philosophy, Trans. A. Davodi, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company. [In Persian]
Pascal (1384). Thoughts in Theoretical Philosophy, Trans. by Hassan Kasmaee, Tehran: Center for Scientific and Cultural Issues. [In Persian]
Quire, Alexander (1991). A Talk about Descartes, Trans. by Jahanbagloo, Amir Hossein, Tehran: Noghreh. [In Persian]
Locke, John (1967). Research in Human Understanding, Trans. by Shafagh Rezazadeh, Tehran: Dehkhoda. [In Persian]
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1977). Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Trans. by Daryush Ashori, Tehran: Aghah Publication. [In Persian]
Hacker, P.M.S. (2004). Wittgenstein: On Human Nature, Trans. by Shrab Alavi Nia, Tehran: Hermes.
Bayertz, Kurt, Die Idee der Menschenwürde, Probleme und Paradoxien, In: ARSP (Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie), Vol. 81, 1995.
Hoffman, Kurt, "The Basic Concept of Jaspers Philosophy", in The Philosophy of Karl Jaspers, ed. Paul Arthur Schilpp, 1957.
Hume, David, a Treatise of Human Nature, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978.
James, Wiliam: The Principles of Psychology, Dover, New York, 1950.
Locke, John, an concerning human understanding, Abridged and Edited by Pringle Pattison, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1850.
Locke, John, An essay concerning human understanding, ed. P. H. Nidditch, Oxford, 1975, Book III.
Nietzsche, Friedrich, Also sprach Zarathurstra, In Das Hauptwerk, München, 1990.
Nietzsche, Friedrich, Der Wille zur Macht.
Parfit, Derek, Reasons and Persons, Oxford, 1984.
Platon, Charmides, In Sämtliche Werke, Rowohlt Klassiker, Hamburg, 1957.
Platon, Das Soktrates Verteidigung, in sämtliche Wertke, Rowohlts Klassiker, Hamburg, 1957.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, Diskurs über die Ungleichheit, Ciscours sur I'Inégalite, Heinrich Meier (hrsg.), Paderbon, 1984.
Scheler, Max, Die Stellung des Menschen in Kosmos, Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, München, 1949.
Wilkes, Real people. Personal identity without thought experiments, Oxford, 1988.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. 2, ed. C.H. von Wright and H. Nyman, Tr. C. G. Luckhardt and M. A. E. Aue, Oxford, 1980.
A’awani,S. (2006). “I” and “Self” from a Philosophical Point of View
(Up to the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century). The Journal of Human Rights, 01(1), 67-80.
MLA
A’awani,S. . "“I” and “Self” from a Philosophical Point of View
(Up to the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century)", The Journal of Human Rights, 01, 1, 2006, 67-80.
HARVARD
A’awani S. (2006). '“I” and “Self” from a Philosophical Point of View
(Up to the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century)', The Journal of Human Rights, 01(1), pp. 67-80.
CHICAGO
S. A’awani, "“I” and “Self” from a Philosophical Point of View
(Up to the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century)," The Journal of Human Rights, 01 1 (2006): 67-80,
VANCOUVER
A’awani S. “I” and “Self” from a Philosophical Point of View
(Up to the Beginning of the Seventeenth Century). Human Rights, 2006; 01(1): 67-80.
