The Journal of Human Rights

The Journal of Human Rights

Exercise of Victims’ Right to Restitution in Human Trafficking Crimes

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Hendi Suhendi
Sri Hastuti
Associate professor, Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.
10.22096/hr.2024.2023079.1654
Abstract
This paper examines the role of law enforcement (prosecutors) in protecting victims of human trafficking crimes in Indonesia, especially in terms of applying for restitution rights following the promulgation of Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons. In addition, this paper also provides shed light on various issues arising from the prosecutor's authority to represent victims in compensation claims for trafficking offenses. The restitution procedure for victims of trafficking crimes under Law Number 21 of 2007 differs from the procedure for submitting restitution for victims of trafficking offenses, as stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The application for restitution according to Law Number 27 of 2007 can be filed by the prosecutor concurrently with the filing of criminal charges. On the other hand, the application for restitution under the Criminal Procedure Code must be submitted by the victim/family through a consolidation of cases. Even though Law Number 21 of 2007 authorizes prosecutors to submit restitution claims on behalf of victims, this authority has not been fully implemented due to a lack of implementing regulations. There are technical obstacles, such as the victims' return to their homes before the filing of restitution claims.

Highlights

Bibliography

Arief Mansur, M., and Elisatris Gultom. The Urgency of Protecting Crime Victims between Norms and Reality. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. 2007.

Brown, Louise. Sex Slaves, Trafficking Syndicates in Asia. Jakarta: Obor Indonesia Foundation, 2005. [In Bahasa Indonesia]

Chaerudin and Syarif Fadillah. Victims of Crime in the Perspective of Victimology and Islamic Criminal Law. Jakarta: Grhadika Press, 2004.

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Fadjar, A. Mukthie. Types of the State of Law. Second Printing. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2005. [In Bahasa Indonesia]

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Murniati. Efforts to overcome violence against women include Trafficking (Writing on PLEIDOI Media Communication and Transformation of Children's and Women's Rights, Vol. I No. 1. April 2006). Bandung: Pusaka Indonesia, 2006.

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Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 8 of 1981 on the Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP), promulgated on December 31, 1981. https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/vcv.pdf.

Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons (ECATP). Promulgated on April 19, 2007. https://www.warnathgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Indonesia-TIP-Law-2007.pdf.

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Schafer, Stephen. “The Victims and His Criminal.” (1968). Quoted in Lilik Mulyadi, Capita Selecta of Criminology and Victimology: Criminal Law. Jakarta: Djambatan, 2007. [In Bahasa Indonesia]

Semendawai, Abdul Haris. The Role of LPSK on the Protection of Victims and Witnesses in Human Trafficking. Seminar, Millennium Hotel, Sirih, Jakarta, May 27, 2011.

Simorangkir, J.C.T., Erwin Rudy, J.T. Prasetyo. Legal Dictionary. Jakarta: New Script Publishers, 1980.

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State Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia. Regulation of the State Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 01 of 2010 concerning Minimum Service Standards in the Field of Integrated Services for Women and Children Victims of Violence. Jakarta: BP Panca Usaha, 2010.

Tahir, Heri. Fair Legal Process in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Laksbang Pressindo, 2010.

Wahid, Abdul, and Muhammad Irfan. Protection of Victims of Sexual Violence. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama. 2001.

Yulia, Rene. Victimology of Legal Protection for Victims of Crime. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. 2009.

Keywords
trafficking
authority
restitution
prosecutors, victims

Subjects

Bibliography
Arief Mansur, M., and Elisatris Gultom. The Urgency of Protecting Crime Victims between Norms and Reality. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. 2007.
Brown, Louise. Sex Slaves, Trafficking Syndicates in Asia. Jakarta: Obor Indonesia Foundation, 2005. [In Bahasa Indonesia]
Chaerudin and Syarif Fadillah. Victims of Crime in the Perspective of Victimology and Islamic Criminal Law. Jakarta: Grhadika Press, 2004.
Coordinating Ministry for People's Welfare. Elimination of Human Trafficking in Indonesia 2004 – 2005: The Urgency of Protecting Victims of Crime. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2006.
Fadjar, A. Mukthie. Types of the State of Law. Second Printing. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2005. [In Bahasa Indonesia]
Friedman, Lawrence M. American Law: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Translated by Wisnu Basuki. Jakarta: Tata Nusa. 2001. [in Bahasa Indonesia]
Hamzah, Andi. Criminal Procedure Law. Rev. ed. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika Publishers, 2001.
International Organization for Migration Mission in Indonesia. Guidelines for the Investigation and Prosecution of Trafficking and Protection of Victims during Law Enforcement Processes. Jakarta: IOM, 2005.
Joni, Muhammad. “Eradication of Human Trafficking and Protection of Victims” writing on Plei Media Communication and Transforming Children's and Women's Rights, Vol. 1 No. 1 April 2006. Bandung: Pusaka Indonesia, 2006.
Karjadi, M., and R. Soesilo. Criminal Code with Explanations and Comments. Bogor: Politeia, 1983.
Masruchah. “Trafficking in Women: Thousands of Women Prostituted Every Year.” Seedling for Justice and Democracy Magazine, May 2006.
Mulyadi, Lilik. Capita Selecta of Criminology and Victimology: Criminal Law. Jakarta: Djambatan, 2007.
Murniati. Efforts to overcome violence against women include Trafficking (Writing on PLEIDOI Media Communication and Transformation of Children's and Women's Rights, Vol. I No. 1. April 2006). Bandung: Pusaka Indonesia, 2006.
National Commission on Violence against Women. “Protection of Witnesses and Victims.” Accessed May 1, 2023. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/instrumen-modul-referensi-pemantauan-detail/perlindungan-terhadap-saksi-dan-korban. [In Bahasa Indonesia]
National Police, Indonesian Prosecutor's Office. IOM: Edo man for Investigators and Prosecution of Trafficking and Protection of Victims during Law Enforcement Process. Jakarta: International Organization for Migration (IOM), 2005.
Republic of Indonesia. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945.
Republic of Indonesia. Government Regulation Number 44 Year 2008 concerning Providing Compensation, Restitution, and Assistance to Witnesses and Victims (PCRA) [Government Regulation No. 44/2008 PCRA], promulgated on May 29, 2008. https://peraturan.go.id/files/pp44-2008.pdf.
Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 8 of 1981 on the Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP), promulgated on December 31, 1981. https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/vcv.pdf.
Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons (ECATP). Promulgated on April 19, 2007. https://www.warnathgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Indonesia-TIP-Law-2007.pdf.
Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims.
Republic of Indonesia. Presidential Decree Number 88 of 2002 concerning the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Trafficking in Women and Children (NAP P3A), promulgated on December 30, 2002. https://peraturan.go.id/files/kp88-2002.pdf.
Republic of Indonesia. Regulation of the Chief of National Police on the Implementation of Human Rights Principles and Standards in the Implementation of the Duties of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, 2009.
Sadli, Saparinah. Victimization of Women in Women and Children Trafficking, Comprehensive Countermeasures Case Studies: North Sulawesi. 1st ed. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor, 2006.
Schafer, Stephen. “The Victims and His Criminal.” (1968). Quoted in Lilik Mulyadi, Capita Selecta of Criminology and Victimology: Criminal Law. Jakarta: Djambatan, 2007. [In Bahasa Indonesia]
Semendawai, Abdul Haris. The Role of LPSK on the Protection of Victims and Witnesses in Human Trafficking. Seminar, Millennium Hotel, Sirih, Jakarta, May 27, 2011.
Simorangkir, J.C.T., Erwin Rudy, J.T. Prasetyo. Legal Dictionary. Jakarta: New Script Publishers, 1980.
Soeparmono, R. Pretrial Merger of Compensation Lawsuit Cases in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Cet 1. Bandung: Mandar Forward, 2003.
State Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia. Guidelines for Law Enforcement and Protection of Victims in Human Trafficking. Jakarta: IOM. 2008.
State Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia. Regulation of the State Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia Number 01 of 2010 concerning Minimum Service Standards in the Field of Integrated Services for Women and Children Victims of Violence. Jakarta: BP Panca Usaha, 2010.
Tahir, Heri. Fair Legal Process in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Laksbang Pressindo, 2010.
Wahid, Abdul, and Muhammad Irfan. Protection of Victims of Sexual Violence. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama. 2001.
Yulia, Rene. Victimology of Legal Protection for Victims of Crime. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu. 2009.
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The Journal of Human Rights
Volume 17, Number 2
Fall 2022 - Winter 2023, Issue 34
October 2022
Pages 243-262