نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

از سال 2017 دولت میانمار سرکوب شدیدی را علیه مردم روهینگیا روا داشته که با واکنش‌های متعدد بین‌المللی روبه‌رو شده است. وضعیت مردم روهینگیا برای دولت‌ها، دادگاه‌های بین‌المللی، سازمان‌های بین‌المللی و منطقه‌ای و دادگاه‌های داخلی آزمونی حقوق بشری است و هرکدام مطابق با چارچوب‌های مقرر در حقوق بین‌الملل پاسخی به این حوادث داده‌اند. این مقاله تعمقی بر عملکرد دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری در دستور موقت مورخ 20 ژانویه 2020 در دعوی گامبیا علیه میانمار و طرح وضعیت بنگلادش- میانمار در دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی دارد. دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی در مرحله پیش دادرسی با تفسیری موسع از اساسنامه رم، عنصر فرامرزی را برای تحقق برخی از جرائم ضروری دانسته است و بر این اساس علی‌رغم عدم عضویت میانمار در اساسنامه، دیوان مجاز به اعمال صلاحیت برای جرم اخراج از مبدأ میانمار به مقصد بنگلادش و آغاز تحقیقات از سوی دادستان شد. دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری نیز مفهوم فنی تعهدات عام‌الشمول دولت‌های عضو یک معاهده را که پیش از این در عرصه عمل استنادی به آن صورت نگرفته بود، در مورد وضعیت مردم روهینگیا مورد توجه قرار داده است. این مطالعه، نوآوری‌ها و پاسخ‌های حقوق بین‌الملل برای احقاق حقوق این اقلیت مذهبی را نمایان می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Crimes against Rohingya Muslims before the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Shafiei 1
  • Pouria Askary 2

1 International law Ph.D. candidate, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Prof., Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Since 2017, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar has carried out severe repressions against the Rohingya people. These atrocities resulted in numerous international reactions from the States, international organizations, NGOs as well media. This article evaluates the proceedings of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Gambia v. Myanmar case and the Bangladesh/Myanmar situation in the International Criminal Court. The International Criminal Court (ICC), with its extensive interpretation of the 1998 Rome Statute, found the cross-border element necessary for the perpetration of certain crimes, and despite Myanmar's non-membership in the Statute, the ICC found its jurisdiction over the crimes committed during the deportation of the Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh. Meanwhile, the ICJ for the first time is facing a Case which is brought before it by an indirect victim State i.e. Gambia who has based all its allegations on the mysterious concept of violation of obligations erga omnes partes. This paper first provides summarized information on both pending proceedings and then will examine the challenges that international law has to find a proper solution for the Rohingya crisis through these judicial and criminal adjudication processes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rohingya
  • Erga Omnes Partes
  • Myanmar
  • Bangladesh
  • Gambia
  • Provisional Measures
  • Genocide

کتاب­نامه

الف- کتب و مقالات:

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