نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار دانشکده علوم انسانی و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه نظربایف قزاقستان

چکیده

بسیاری از نویسندگان معاصر از این مسئله هراس دارند که رشد و شکوفایی دعوی حقوق ممکن است موجب شود تا حقوق بشر قربانی محبوبیت خود شود. اگر خواسته‌های هر یک از گروه‌های مردمی، تحت حمایت حقوق بشر قرار گیرد و راهی برای تشخیص حقوق بشر واقعی از غیرواقعی وجود نداشته باشد، این مسئله ممکن است به کلی منجر به بدبینی دربارة مفهوم حقوق بشر شود. هر چند که ممکن است این موقعیت ناامیدکننده باشد، اما به نظر می‌رسد برای فلاسفة اخلاق فرصتی برای تاکید مجدد بر اهمیّت اصولشان را در بر داشته باشد. در نهایت، به جز از طریق ایجاد یک نظریه در مورد این مسئله، چگونه می‌توانیم حقوق بشر اصل را از تقلبی تشخیص دهیم؟ هدف مقاله ما نشان دادن اشتباه بودن این ایده است که رشد دعوی‌های حقوق بشری را نمی‌توان حتی با ایجاد فرضیات جدید متوقف کرد. این اشتباه است که فکر کنیم رشد دعوی‌های حقوق بشر از عدم آگاهی پیرامون اساس فرضیه‌ای حقوق بشر ناشی می‌شود. در مقابل، من ادعا می‌کنم که شکوفایی این حقوق نشان‌دهندة مشکل عمیقی در فرضیات سکولار حقوق بشر است؛ و این فرضیات، منابع ذهنی لازم برای محدود کردن دعوی‌های حقوقی بزرگ‌تر را ندارد. در این مقاله من پیشنهاد می‌کنم که به منظور درک بهتر وضعیت کنونی لازم است که در ابتدا پیش فرض‌های مذهبی موجود در فرهنگ را که در آن برای اولین بار بهره‌مندی از حقوق طبیعی مطرح شده است، بررسی شوند. به طور خاص، من استدلال خواهم کرد که نظریه‌های معاصر حقوق بشر نسخه‌هایی سکولار با پیشینیة دینی از حقوق بشر است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Can Human Rights to Welfare Survive Without Religion?

نویسنده [English]

  • Siegfried Van Duffel

Associate Professor at School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nazarbayev University.

چکیده [English]

Many contemporary authors fear that the proliferation of rights-claims may cause human rights to fall victim to their own popularity. If every good that is desired by one or another group of people is cloaked in the venerable garbs of a human right, and there is no way to tell ‘real’ from ‘supposed’ human rights, this may generate scepticism towards the concept of human rights in general. However deplorable this situation may be, for moral philosophers it may be thought to involve an opportunity to reaffirm the importance of their discipline. After all, how else could we distinguish genuine from imaginary human rights than by building a theory about the subject? The aim of my paper is to show that this idea is exactly wrong — that the proliferation of human rights claims cannot be stopped even in theory. It is a mistake to think that the proliferation of rights claims results from a lack of awareness of the proper theoretical foundation of human rights. On the contrary, I will argue that the proliferation of rights mirrors a deep problem in secular theories of human rights, that these theories do not have the conceptual resources to limit ever larger rights claims. I will suggest that to understand the present situation, we need to look into the religious presuppositions of the culture in which natural rights to subsistence were first proclaimed. Specifically, I will argue that contemporary theories of human rights are secularized versions of a religious precursor.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Relationship between Human Rights and Religion
  • Traditional and Secular Views
  • the Nature of Human Rights
  • Religious Background
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