دوفصلنامۀ بین‌المللی حقوق‌بشر

دوفصلنامۀ بین‌المللی حقوق‌بشر

پارلمان اروپا و ارتقای حقوق بشر در کشورهای ثالث: مطالعه تطبیقی دیپلماسی پارلمانی دوره قانونگذاری نهم در موضوع حقوق زنان و برابری جنسیتی در قبال ایران و مکزیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه مطالعات منطقه‌ای، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات منطقه‌ای، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
این مقاله به بررسی نقش پارلمان اروپا در ارتقای حقوق بشر، به‌ویژه حقوق زنان و برابری جنسیتی، در کشورهای ثالث با تمرکز بر ایران و مکزیک طی دوره قانونگذاری نهم (۲۰24–۲۰19) می‌پردازد. اتحادیه اروپا به عنوان یک کنشگر هنجارمحور جهانی، از دیپلماسی پارلمانی به عنوان ابزاری برای ترویج ارزش‌های دموکراتیک و حقوق بشری بهره می‌گیرد. در این چارچوب، پارلمان اروپا از طریق ابزارهایی چون قطعنامه‌ها، گفت‌وگوهای بین‌پارلمانی و تعامل با نهادهای مدنی، تلاش می‌کند بر سیاست‌های داخلی دولت‌های ثالث تأثیر بگذارد. این مطالعه، ضمن بهره‌گیری از چارچوب نظری سازه‌گرایی و نهادگرایی اجتماعی، به مقایسه تطبیقی نحوه کنش پارلمان اروپا در قبال ایران و مکزیک می‌پردازد و در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که چه عواملی بر میزان موفقیت این نوع دیپلماسی اثرگذارند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که میزان اثرگذاری دیپلماسی پارلمانی به عواملی چون زمینه‌های داخلی کشورهای هدف، هماهنگی با سایر نهادهای اتحادیه اروپا و ظرفیت شبکه‌سازی با بازیگران غیردولتی وابسته است. این پژوهش با تمرکز بر بُعد جنسیتی دیپلماسی پارلمانی، خلأ موجود در ادبیات حقوق بشری را پوشش داده و نشان داد پارلمان اروپا، با وجود کنش در چارچوب گفتمان جهانی حقوق بشر، عملاً به دنبال پیشبرد اهداف استراتژیکی و تضعیف مشروعیت نظام‌های سیاسی کشورهای ثالث عمل کرده است.روش این پژوهش کیفی با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The European Parliament and the Promotion of Human Rights in Third Countries: A Comparative Study of the Parliamentary Diplomacy of the Ninth Legislative Term on Women's Rights and Gender Equality in Relation to Iran and Mexico

نویسندگان English

Mohammadreza Majidi 1
Shahireh Nozari 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Regional Studies, Faculty of Law and Politics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate in Regional Studies, Faculty of Law and Politics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

This article explores the role of the European Parliament in advancing human rights—particularly women’s rights and gender equality—in third countries, with a specific focus on Iran and Mexico during its ninth legislative term (2019–2024). As a norm-driven global actor, the European Union employs parliamentary diplomacy as a strategic instrument to promote democratic values and human rights abroad. Within this framework, the European Parliament seeks to influence domestic developments in third countries through tools such as resolutions, interparliamentary dialogues, and engagement with civil society organizations. Grounded in the theoretical perspectives of constructivism and social institutionalism, the study conducts a comparative analysis of the Parliament’s approaches to Iran and Mexico, aiming to identify the key factors that shape the effectiveness of parliamentary diplomacy. The findings suggest that success in this domain is contingent upon variables such as the internal political dynamics of target countries, alignment with broader EU foreign policy mechanisms, and the ability to build networks with non-state actors. By focusing on the gender dimension of parliamentary diplomacy, this research addresses a gap in the human rights literature and demonstrates that, while operating under the normative framework of global human rights discourse, the European Parliament has at times advanced strategic interests and challenged the legitimacy of political regimes in third countries. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Parliamentary diplomacy
European Parliament
women's rights
gender equality
EU norm-driven action
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