Domestic violence against women remains a significant issue globally, particularly in developing countries like Vietnam, where cultural, social, and legal challenges hinder effective prevention and response. This study examined the current legislative frameworks in Vietnam concerning domestic violence against women, aligning them with international regulations and identifying the gaps that need to be addressed for more effective implementation. Using qualitative research, the study compared and analyzed current legal normative documents in Vietnam, international legislative instruments, and scholarly papers. The findings revealed major challenges such as insufficient legal definitions, lack of enforcement mechanisms, and the gender-insensitive nature of existing Vietnamese laws. In addition, cultural factors, including deep-rooted patriarchal norms, further complicate the situation and create barriers for victims seeking justice.
The results indicate that although Vietnam has made progress in ratifying international legislative instruments, the practical adaptation of these regulations remains questionable. Policymakers in Vietnam should work to clarify legal definitions, increase gender sensitivity in laws, strengthen enforcement mechanisms, and invest in victim support services. Moreover, the role of international organizations in assisting Vietnam with policy reforms is crucial, alongside local ownership, to ensure that international frameworks are effectively adapted to the national context.